.NET Framework and Design Features for Beginners

.NET training is slowly catching up among young programmers because the .NET platform is an integral component of the Microsoft Windows operating system for building and running next generation software applications and Web services. The .NET development framework provides a new and simplified model for programming and deploying applications on the Windows platform. It provides such advantages as multiplatform applications, automatic resource management, and simplification of application deployment. As security is an essential part of .NET, it provides security support, such as code authenticity check, resources access authorizations, declarative and imperative security, and cryptographic security methods for embedding into the user’s application.

.NET provides a simple object-oriented model to access most of the Windows application programming interfaces (APIs). It also provides mechanisms by which you can use the existing native code. In addition, it significantly extends the development platform by providing tools and technologies to develop Internet-based distributed applications.

Overview: The . NET is a software framework. It is developed by Microsoft. It includes a large library and also provides language interoperability across some programming languages. Language interoperability refers to the capability of two different languages to interact and operate on the same kind of data structures.

The programs written for .NET execute in a software environment. The name of the software environment is Common Language Runtime (CLR). It is the virtual machine component. The compiled code is converted into machine code at first. Then it is executed by computer’s CPU. The CLR provides additional services like exception handling, memory management, type safety, garbage collection, thread management etc.

 .NET Platform: 

.NET Framework: 

The .NET Framework consists of the common language runtime (CLR) and the .NET Framework class library. The common language runtime is the foundation of the .NET Framework. The .NET Framework is a multi-language, application execution environment that transparently manages core infrastructure services. It is a set of multiple languages/technologies used for developing and creating components to create Web Forms, Web services, and Windows applications. It supports the software life cycle for development, debugging, deployment, and maintenance of applications. The version of .NET framework that ships with Visual Studio .NET 2003 is version 1.1. The .NET Framework consists of the following parts (also depicted in Figure 1.2):

• Common Language Runtime (CLR).
• .NET Framework base class library.
• Common Language Specification (CLS).
• .NET-compliant languages.
• Data and XML classes such as ADO.NET and XML.
• A set of class libraries for building XML Web services.
• ASP.NET Web Forms-based Web applications.
• Windows Forms-based rich client applications.
• Common Type System (CTS).
• Microsoft Visual Studio .NET 2003 integrated development environment (IDE).

Development tools

Microsoft provides the programming model, the development environment, and the tools necessary to build, deploy, and operate Web services with applications such as Visual Studio .NET 2003.

.NET enterprise servers. The Microsoft .NET enterprise servers make up the Microsoft .NET server infrastructure for deploying, managing, and operating XML Web services and traditional applications. Examples of enterprise servers are Microsoft SQL Server™ 2000 and Microsoft Commerce Server 2000.

.NET foundation services.

A core set of building block services that execute standard tasks and act as a basis for developers to build upon. These foundation services are known as Microsoft .NET My Services and provide many features and functions. Most of the foundation services are hosted (outsourced) services. An example of a currently available Web service is Microsoft .NET Passport.

The DOT NET Framework Base Class Library offers user interface, database connectivity, data access, cryptography, web application development, numeric algorithms, network communications etc. Programmers produce software by combining their own source code with the  DOT NET Framework and other libraries. The DOT NET Framework is projected to be used by most new applications created for the Windows platform. Microsoft also produces an integrated largely for DOT NET software called Visual Studio.

Design Features of DOT NET Framework: 

• Interoperability
• Common Language Runtime engine (CLR)
• Language independence
• Base Class Library
• Simplified deployment
• Security
• Portability

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Advantages: 

• The .NET Framework provides the following advantages:
• A consistent, object-oriented programming environment.
• A code-execution environment that:
• Promotes safe execution of code.
• Eliminates the performance problems of scripted or interpreted environments.
• Minimizes software deployment and versioning conflicts.
• A consistent experience for both developers and users across various types of Windows-based and Web-based applications on multiple devices.
• Communication built on the industry standards to ensure that code based on the .NET Framework can integrate with any other code.
• .NET is based on open Internet standards, which include Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), Extensible Markup Language (XML), and Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP).